How Often Should You Feed Your Puppy or Dog?

Section 1 of 3: How Often Should You Feed Your Dog?

[The additional sections are further down this page]

Feeding frequency is a crucial aspect of dog nutrition that varies depending on a dog's age, size, and health status. Understanding the appropriate feeding schedule for your dog can help ensure it receives the necessary nutrients to maintain its health and well-being. This report provides detailed guidelines for feeding puppies, adult dogs, and seniors and additional considerations for different breeds and medical conditions.

Puppies

Puppies have high energy needs and require frequent meals to support their rapid growth and development. The feeding frequency for puppies is as follows:

Weaning to 6 months: Puppies should be fed three to four times daily. This frequent feeding schedule helps meet their nutritional needs and supports their fast growth 1 7. During this stage, puppies are transitioning from their mother's milk to solid food, and their small stomachs cannot hold large amounts of food at once. Therefore, multiple small meals are essential for a steady energy supply and nutrients.
6 months to 12 months: As puppies grow older, their feeding frequency can be reduced to twice daily. This transition helps them adjust to an adult feeding schedule while providing adequate nutrition 1 7. By this age, puppies have developed a more robust digestive system and can handle larger meals less frequently. However, monitoring their growth and adjusting portion sizes is still essential to prevent overfeeding or underfeeding.

Adult Dogs

Adult dogs generally require fewer meals than puppies but still need regular feeding to maintain their energy levels and overall health. The recommended feeding frequency for adult dogs is:

Twice a day: Most adult dogs do well with two meals per day, spaced about 8-12 hours apart. This helps prevent hunger and keeps their digestive system functioning smoothly 2 5 8. Feeding adult dogs twice daily can also help regulate their metabolism and prevent obesity and digestive problems. It is crucial to choose a high-quality dog food that meets their nutritional needs and to measure portions accurately to avoid overfeeding.

Senior Dogs

Senior dogs have different nutritional needs due to their slower metabolism and potential health issues. The feeding frequency for senior dogs is typically:

Twice a day: Like adult dogs, seniors should be fed twice daily. However, their portion sizes may need to be adjusted to prevent weight gain and accommodate any specific dietary requirements they might have 3 6 12. Senior dogs may benefit from food that is lower in calories but higher in fiber to support their digestive health. Additionally, senior dog food often contains added nutrients such as glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health.

Additional Considerations

Toy and Small Breeds: These dogs may require more frequent meals due to their higher metabolism and risk of hypoglycemia. Feeding them three to four times daily can help maintain their blood sugar levels 10. Small breed dogs have higher energy requirements per pound of body weight than larger breeds, and their small stomachs mean they cannot consume large meals. Therefore, more frequent, smaller meals are necessary to stabilize their energy levels.
Large and Giant Breeds: Large breed dogs, such as Great Danes, may benefit from multiple smaller meals to reduce the risk of bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus). Feeding them two to three times a day is often recommended 5 10. Bloat is a serious condition that can be life-threatening, and feeding large breeds smaller, more frequent meals can help prevent this issue. Additionally, large breed dogs have different nutritional needs, including lower calorie density, to prevent rapid growth that can lead to joint problems.
Dogs with Medical Conditions: Specific health issues, such as diabetes or gastrointestinal problems, may require specialized feeding schedules. Always consult a veterinarian to determine the best feeding plan for these dogs 2 5. For example, diabetic dogs may need to be fed at specific times to coordinate with insulin injections. In contrast, dogs with gastrointestinal issues may benefit from easily digestible food and more frequent, smaller meals.

Feeding Methods

There are several feeding methods that dog owners can consider, each with its advantages and disadvantages:

Free-Choice Feeding: This method involves leaving food out all day for the dog to graze. It is suitable for dogs that can regulate their food intake and are not prone to overeating. However, it is not recommended for overweight, diabetic, or multi-pet households where food competition may occur 1.
Portion-Controlled Feeding: This method measures and provides specific food portions at set meal times. It helps prevent overeating and allows for better monitoring of the dog's food intake. This method is ideal for most dogs, especially those that need to maintain a healthy weight 1.
Timed Feeding: This method involves providing food for a specific period (e.g., 30 minutes) and removing uneaten food. It can help establish a routine and prevent overeating. Timed feeding is helpful for dogs that tend to eat too quickly or must be on a strict feeding schedule 1.

Nutritional Needs by Life Stage

Puppies

Puppies require a diet high in calories, protein, and essential nutrients to support their growth and development. Puppy food is formulated to meet these needs, with higher levels of protein, fat, and certain vitamins and minerals compared to adult dog food. It is important to choose puppy food appropriate for the breed size, as large-breed puppies have different nutritional requirements than small-breed puppies 5.

Adult Dogs

Adult dogs need a balanced diet that provides the right amount of calories, protein, fat, and other nutrients to maintain their health and energy levels. The specific nutritional needs of an adult dog can vary based on factors such as breed, size, activity level, and health status. Choosing a high-quality dog food that meets the nutritional standards set by organizations such as the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) 8.

Senior Dogs

Senior dogs may require a diet lower in calories but higher in fiber to support their slower metabolism and digestive health. Senior dog food often contains added nutrients such as glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health and antioxidants to support the immune system. It is essential to monitor senior dogs' weight and overall health and adjust their diet to prevent obesity and other health issues 6.

Special Considerations for Different Breeds

Toy and Small Breeds

Toy and small breed dogs have higher metabolic rates and energy requirements per pound of body weight than larger breeds. They also have smaller stomachs, so they must eat smaller, more frequent meals to maintain their energy levels and prevent hypoglycemia. It is vital to choose a dog food specifically formulated for small breeds, with smaller kibble sizes and appropriate nutrient levels 10.

Large and Giant Breeds

Large and giant breed dogs, such as Great Danes, have different nutritional needs than smaller breeds. They are prone to conditions such as bloat and joint problems, so feeding them a lower-calorie-density diet is essential to prevent rapid growth and weight gain. Feeding them multiple smaller meals throughout the day can help reduce the risk of bloat. Additionally, large-breed dog food often contains added nutrients such as glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health 5 10.

Feeding Dogs with Medical Conditions

Diabetes

Dogs with diabetes require a carefully controlled diet to manage their blood sugar levels. This typically involves feeding them simultaneously daily and coordinating their meals with insulin injections. High-fiber, low-fat diets are often recommended for diabetic dogs, as fiber can help regulate blood sugar levels. It is essential to work closely with a veterinarian to develop a feeding plan that meets the specific needs of a diabetic dog 2.

Gastrointestinal Issues

Dogs with gastrointestinal issues may benefit from an easily digestible and low-fat diet. Specially formulated dog foods are available for dogs with pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergies. These foods often contain novel protein sources and limited ingredients to reduce the risk of triggering an adverse reaction. Feeding smaller, more frequent meals can also help manage gastrointestinal issues 2 5.

Conclusion

In summary, the feeding frequency for dogs should be tailored to their age, size, and health status. Puppies need frequent meals to support their growth, while adult and senior dogs typically do well with two meals a day. Adjustments may be necessary for small breeds, giant breeds, and dogs with medical conditions. Always consult a veterinarian for personalized feeding recommendations to ensure your dog receives the proper nutrition for their specific needs. By understanding and implementing your dog's appropriate feeding schedule and nutritional requirements, you can help ensure they live a healthy and happy life. Regular monitoring of their weight, health, and overall well-being, along with routine veterinary check-ups, will help you make any necessary adjustments to their diet and feeding schedule as they age and their needs change.

References

WebMD. "Dog Feeding Time: How Much and How Often?" Available at: https://www.webmd.com/pets/dogs/feeding-time
American Kennel Club. "Dog Nutrition: What & How Much To Feed My Dog." Available at: https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/
Zignature. "Dog Feeding Schedule: How Much and How Often?" Available at: https://zignature.com/dog-feeding-schedule-how-much-and-how-often/
Purina. "How Often to Feed a Puppy." Available at: https://www.purina.com/articles/dog/puppy/feeding/how-often-to-feed-a-puppy
Preventive Vet. "How Much and How Often to Feed Your Dog." Available at: https://www.preventivevet.com/dogs/how-much-and-how-often-to-feed-your-dog
Edgard & Cooper. "A Senior Dog’s Feeding Schedule: When and How Often to Feed Your Dog." Available at: https://www.edgardcooper.com/en/blog/a-senior-dog-s-feeding-schedule-when-and-how-often-to-feed-your-dog/
American Kennel Club. "Puppy Feeding Fundamentals." Available at: https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/puppy-feeding-fundamentals/
WebMD. "A Healthy Diet for Your Dog." Available at: https://www.webmd.com/pets/dogs/features/best-dog-food-choices
VCA Canada. "Feeding Times and Frequency for Your Dog." Available at: https://vcacanada.com/know-your-pet/feeding-times-and-frequency-for-your-dog
Chewy. "How Often Should I Feed My Puppy?" Available at: https://be.chewy.com/how-often-should-i-feed-my-puppy/
American Kennel Club. "How Often Should Dogs Eat?" Available at: https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/nutrition/how-often-should-dogs-eat/
SpiritDog Training. "Feeding Senior Dogs." Available at: https://spiritdogtraining.com/feeding-senior-dogs/
Daily Paws. "How Often Should I Feed My Dog?" Available at: https://www.dailypaws.com/dogs-puppies/dog-nutrition/dog-food/how-often-should-i-feed-my-dog
Purina UK. "How to Feed Your Senior Dog." Available at: https://www.purina.co.uk/articles/dogs/senior/health/how-to-feed-your-senior-dog

Sources:

Section 2: Toy, Small, and Large Breeds

Toy and small breed dogs have unique nutritional needs due to their higher metabolic rates and smaller physical size. Here are some critical considerations for feeding toy and small-breed dogs:

Metabolic Differences

Small dogs have higher energy requirements per pound of body weight compared to larger breeds:

They have a higher mass-specific metabolic rate, meaning they burn calories more quickly.
Small dogs need about 40 calories per pound of body weight daily, while large dogs only need around 20 calories per pound.
Their faster metabolism means they may need to eat more frequently throughout the day to maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Nutritional Requirements

To meet their higher energy needs, small-breed dog foods are typically formulated to be more nutrient-dense:

Higher in calories, protein, and fat per cup compared to regular adult dog foods
Contain 30-32% protein and 15-20% fat on average
Often enriched with antioxidants, as small dogs tend to have lower antioxidant levels naturally

Feeding Frequency and Portion Size

Due to their tiny stomachs and high energy needs, toy and miniature breeds benefit from:

Eating 3-4 smaller meals per day rather than 1-2 large meals
Carefully measured portions to prevent overfeeding and obesity
Kibble sized appropriately for their tiny mouths and teeth

Special Considerations

Hypoglycemia risk: Very small breeds are prone to low blood sugar if they go too long without eating. Frequent small meals help prevent this.
Dental health: Small dogs are more susceptible to dental issues, so crunchy kibble or dental chews can help maintain oral hygiene.
Weight management: Even slight weight gain can significantly impact a small dog's health, so portion control is crucial.

Recommended Foods

Many pet food brands offer formulas specifically designed for toy and miniature breeds. Some top-rated options include:

Blue Buffalo Life Protection Small Breed Puppy
Wellness Complete Health Small Breed Adult
Royal Canin Small Adult Dog Food
Hill's Science Diet Adult Small & Toy Breed

When choosing a food, look for options that:

List a high-quality protein source as the first ingredient
Contain balanced levels of protein and fat
Have small, easy-to-chew kibble pieces
Meet AAFCO standards for complete and balanced nutrition

By understanding and catering to the unique nutritional needs of toy and small breed dogs, owners can help ensure their pets maintain optimal health and energy levels throughout their lives.

Citations: [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5684564/ [2] https://www.rover.com/blog/how-much-should-i-feed-my-dog/ [3] https://www.dogtopia.com/franchising-ca/blog/bigs-and-littles-a-guide-to-nutrition-in-different-sized-dogs/ [4] https://www.purinainstitute.com/centresquare/understanding-pet-food/why-choose-small-breed-dog-food [5] https://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/best-dog-foods/best-small-breed-dog-food/ [6] https://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/best-dog-foods/small-breed-puppy-food/ [7] https://bluebuffalo.com/en-ca/articles/dog/the-nutritional-needs-of-small-breeds/ [8] https://www.purinainstitute.com/articles/small-dog-metabolism-and-other-unique-characteristics [9] https://www.orijenpetfoods.com/en-CA/dogs/dog-food/small-breed/ns-ori-small-breed.html

Large and Giant Breeds: Nutritional Needs and Feeding Guidelines

Large and giant breed dogs, such as Great Danes, German Shepherds, and St. Bernards, have distinct nutritional requirements compared to smaller breeds. These dogs are prone to specific health conditions, including bloat, joint problems, and developmental orthopedic diseases (DOD). Therefore, it is essential to understand and address their unique dietary needs to ensure their health and longevity.

Nutritional Needs

Large and giant breed dogs require a diet that supports their substantial size and weight while preventing rapid growth and weight gain. Rapid growth can lead to skeletal malformations and joint issues, making regulating their caloric intake and nutrient composition crucial.

Caloric Density and Growth Regulation

Large breed dogs need fewer calories per body weight unit than smaller breeds. Diets for these dogs are typically lower in fat, as fat provides more calories than protein or carbohydrates. A lower calorie density helps prevent rapid growth and excessive weight gain, which can strain the development of bones and joints[1]. For instance, large breed puppies should consume diets containing at least 30% high-quality protein and 9% fat on a dry matter basis to support healthy growth without overloading their developing skeletal system[2].

Protein and Fat Content

The protein content in large-breed dog food is crucial for muscle development and overall growth. However, excessive protein can lead to an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus, negatively affecting bone and joint development. Therefore, providing a balanced diet with appropriate protein levels is essential. For example, a protein-to-fat ratio of 26/14, with optimal calcium and phosphorus levels, supports a slower growth rate, allowing the skeleton to develop strength to support the dog's weight[6].

Joint Health

Large and giant breed dogs are at a higher risk of joint problems such as hip and elbow dysplasia. Their diets often include added nutrients like glucosamine and chondroitin to support joint health. These compounds help maintain cartilage and joint function, reducing the risk of arthritis and other joint-related issues[1]. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources, such as fish oil, are beneficial for reducing inflammation and promoting joint health[1].

Feeding Frequency and Portion Control

Feeding large and giant breed dogs multiple smaller meals throughout the day can help reduce the risk of bloat, a life-threatening condition where the stomach dilates and twists. Bloat is more common in large, deep-chested breeds and can be exacerbated by eating large meals quickly[3]. Dividing their daily food intake into two or three smaller meals can help prevent this condition.

Portion Control

Portion control is critical for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing overfeeding. Measuring the amount of food using a digital kitchen scale ensures accuracy and consistency, which is particularly important for large-breed puppies. Overfeeding can lead to obesity and exacerbate joint problems, so it is essential to adjust food portions based on the dog's activity level, age, and overall health[1].

Health Considerations

Large and giant breed dogs are susceptible to several health issues that can be managed or mitigated through proper nutrition.

Bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus)

Bloat is a severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs when a dog's stomach fills with gas and twists. This condition can cut off blood flow to the stomach and other parts of the body, leading to tissue death and other complications. To reduce the risk of bloat, it is recommended that large-breed dogs be fed multiple smaller meals, avoid elevated feeding bowls, and prevent vigorous exercise immediately after eating[3][7].

Joint Problems

Due to their size and weight, large-breed dogs are prone to joint issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia. These conditions result from joint malformations, causing pain, inflammation, and arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight and providing a diet rich in joint-supporting nutrients like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids can help manage and prevent these issues[3][4].

Developmental Orthopedic Diseases (DOD)

Large breed puppies are prone to DOD, which includes conditions like osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD). These conditions are influenced by genetics, rapid growth, and nutritional imbalances. Feeding a diet with controlled levels of calcium, phosphorus, and calories can help prevent these developmental issues[2][6].

Feeding Guidelines

To meet the nutritional needs of large and giant breed dogs, choosing high-quality dog food specifically formulated for their size and life stage is essential. Here are some general guidelines:

Puppies

Diet Composition: Large-breed puppy food should contain at least 30% high-quality protein and 9% fat. The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio should be between 1:1 and 1.3:1 to support healthy bone development[2][6].
Feeding Frequency: Feed large breed puppies three to four times a day to provide a steady supply of nutrients and prevent rapid growth[6].
Portion Control: Use a growth chart and monitor the puppy's body condition score (BCS) to adjust food portions. Aim for a BCS of 4/9 to prevent overfeeding and rapid growth[1].

Adult Dogs

Diet Composition: Adult large-breed dog food should be lower in calorie density to prevent weight gain. Look for diets with added joint-supporting nutrients like glucosamine and chondroitin[1][5].
Feeding Frequency: Feed adult large-breed dogs two to three times daily to reduce the risk of bloat and maintain stable energy levels[5].
Portion Control: Adjust food portions based on the dog's activity level, age, and overall health. Regularly monitor the dog's weight and BCS to prevent obesity[1].

Senior Dogs

Diet Composition: Senior large-breed dog food should be lower in calories but higher in fiber to support digestive health. Look for diets with added antioxidants and joint-supporting nutrients[1][5].
Feeding Frequency: Feed senior large breed dogs two to three times a day, with smaller portions, to accommodate their slower metabolism and reduce the risk of bloat[5].
Portion Control: Monitor the dog's weight and adjust food portions to prevent weight gain, which can exacerbate joint problems and other health issues[1].

Conclusion

Feeding large and giant breed dogs requires careful consideration of their unique nutritional needs and health risks. By providing a balanced diet with appropriate calorie density, protein, and joint-supporting nutrients, and by feeding multiple smaller meals throughout the day, owners can help ensure their dogs maintain optimal health and reduce the risk of common health issues such as bloat, joint problems, and developmental orthopedic diseases. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of the dog's weight and body condition are essential for adjusting their diet and feeding schedule.

References

VCA Canada. "Nutritional Considerations for Large and Giant Breed Dogs." Available at: https://vcacanada.com/know-your-pet/nutritional-considerations-for-large-and-giant-breed-dogs
Westoak Animal Hospital. "Nutritional Requirements of Large and Giant Breed Puppies." Available at: https://www.westoakanimalhospital.com/_files/ugd/9bd2d1_8fd89ff4432e4ce0ac9dda159d3e1461.pdf?index=true
Crossroads Animal Hospital. "Common Health Issues in Large Dogs." Available at: https://www.crossroadsanimalhospital.ca/resources/blog/december-2018/your-big-dog-may-be-more-likely-to-devel
PetMD. "10 Most Common Health Issues for Giant Dogs." Available at: https://www.petmd.com/dog/slideshows/breeds/10-most-common-health-issues-giant-dogs
Purina Canada. "How to Feed a Large Breed Dog." Available at: https://www.purina.ca/articles/dog/feeding/large-breed-dog-food
Nutrena World. "The Nutritional Needs of Large and Giant Dog Breeds." Available at: https://nutrenaworld.com/the-nutritional-needs-of-large-and-giant-dog-breeds
Animal Wellness Magazine. "Health Issues in Giant Breeds." Available at: https://animalwellnessmagazine.com/health-issues-giant-breeds/
Purina Institute. "Feeding Large and Giant Breed Puppies." Available at: https://www.purinainstitute.com/centresquare/life-stage-nutrition/feeding-large-and-giant-breed-puppies

Citations: [1] https://vcacanada.com/know-your-pet/nutritional-considerations-for-large-and-giant-breed-dogs [2] https://www.westoakanimalhospital.com/_files/ugd/9bd2d1_8fd89ff4432e4ce0ac9dda159d3e1461.pdf?index=true [3] https://www.crossroadsanimalhospital.ca/resources/blog/december-2018/your-big-dog-may-be-more-likely-to-devel [4] https://www.petmd.com/dog/slideshows/breeds/10-most-common-health-issues-giant-dogs [5] https://www.purina.ca/articles/dog/feeding/large-breed-dog-food [6] https://nutrenaworld.com/the-nutritional-needs-of-large-and-giant-dog-breeds/ [7] https://animalwellnessmagazine.com/health-issues-giant-breeds/ [8] https://www.purinainstitute.com/centresquare/life-stage-nutrition/feeding-large-and-giant-breed-puppies

Section 3: Feeding Dogs with Medical Conditions

Dogs with certain medical conditions require special dietary considerations to manage their health effectively. Two common conditions that necessitate careful attention to diet are diabetes and gastrointestinal issues. Understanding the specific nutritional needs of dogs with these conditions is crucial for their overall well-being and quality of life.

Diabetes in Dogs

Diabetes mellitus in dogs is a complex condition that requires a multifaceted approach to management, with diet playing a crucial role. To maintain stable blood glucose levels, dogs with diabetes need a carefully controlled feeding schedule that aligns with their insulin injections. Diabetic dogs should be fed twice daily, with meals spaced approximately 12 hours apart to coincide with insulin administration[1].

The ideal diet for a diabetic dog is typically high in fiber and low in fat. Fiber helps to slow the absorption of glucose from the intestines, which can help prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar levels. Low-fat diets are often recommended because many diabetic dogs are also overweight or prone to pancreatitis[2]. Some veterinarians may recommend prescription diets specifically formulated for diabetic dogs, such as Royal Canin Canine Diabetic or Hill's Prescription Diet w/d Multi-Benefit[6].

It's important to note that consistency is vital when feeding a diabetic dog. The type, amount, and timing of meals should remain as consistent as possible from day to day to prevent unnecessary fluctuations in insulin requirements. Any changes to the diet should be made gradually and under veterinary supervision[3].

Weight management is also crucial for diabetic dogs. Obesity can exacerbate insulin resistance, making diabetes more difficult to control. Therefore, maintaining an ideal body weight through proper portion control and regular exercise is essential to managing canine diabetes[5].

Gastrointestinal Issues in Dogs

Dogs with gastrointestinal (GI) issues require a different diet approach. These issues range from food allergies and intolerances to more serious conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis. The primary goal when feeding dogs with GI problems is to provide easily digestible nutrition that doesn't exacerbate their symptoms[4].

For many dogs with GI issues, a diet low in fat and high in digestible carbohydrates can be beneficial. Fat can be difficult for dogs with certain GI conditions to process, particularly those with pancreatitis. Easily digestible carbohydrates, such as rice or potato, can provide energy without putting undue stress on the digestive system[8].

In some cases, a limited-ingredient diet may be recommended. These diets typically feature a single, novel protein source and a limited number of ingredients overall. This approach can be helpful for dogs with food allergies or intolerances, as it reduces the likelihood of exposure to problematic ingredients[5].

For dogs with inflammatory bowel disease or other chronic GI conditions, diets rich in prebiotics and probiotics may be beneficial. These can help support a healthy gut microbiome, which is crucial for proper digestion and nutrient absorption[4].

In acute cases of GI upset, veterinarians often recommend a temporary switch to a bland diet. This typically consists of easily digestible proteins like boiled chicken or lean ground beef combined with a simple carbohydrate like white rice. This diet can help soothe the digestive system and allow it to recover[3].

It's important to note that while diet can play a significant role in managing GI issues, it's not always a complete solution. Many GI problems require medical treatment in addition to dietary management. Always consult with a veterinarian before making significant changes to a dog's diet, especially if the dog has ongoing health issues[8].

In conclusion, feeding dogs with medical conditions like diabetes or gastrointestinal issues require careful consideration and often veterinary guidance. The proper diet can significantly improve a dog's quality of life and help manage their condition effectively. However, it's crucial to remember that every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Regular check-ups and open communication with a veterinarian are essential for ensuring a dog's nutritional needs are met while effectively managing their medical condition.

Citations: [1] https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments/riney-canine-health-center/canine-health-information/diets-diabetic-dogs [2] https://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/vetsulin/dogs/nutrition-for-dogs-with-diabetes [3] https://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/feeding-dogs-with-diabetes [4] https://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/whats-best-food-dogs-sensitive-stomachs [5] https://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/best-dog-foods/sensitive-stomach/ [6] https://vcacanada.com/know-your-pet/nutrition-for-dogs-with-diabetes-mellitus [7] https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/doc/?id=4952921 [8] https://www.1800petmeds.com/education/diets-pets-gastrointestinal-disease-30.html

22 Jul 2024